"The ache for home lives in all of us. The safe place where we can go as we are and not be questioned." (Maya Angelou)
Showing posts with label Gerardo Alfonso. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gerardo Alfonso. Show all posts
Wednesday, 4 March 2009
Monday, 21 April 2008
Havana Graffiti (Symphony for Chamber Orchestra, Chinese Trumpet and Conga Drum)

Maybe he's got no one who can tell him right from wrong
Maybe he's hungry, like the rest of the throng
He never really did have anything and in his noble soul,
Dollars and dreams run close together whilst corruption digs a hole
The Wolves Get Together
Gerardo Alfonso
The Cuban playwright Antón Arrufat tells us in 'Virgilio Piñera in the Flesh', the unofficial biography written by Carlos Espinosa, that when he met the famous 'Matancero' writer, poet, essayist and playwright 'I had just come out of an exhibition by Wilfredo Lam at Havana University (...) I was descending the stairs of the institution, still with my eyes lit up by Lam's paintings. Rodríguez Feo had just parked his car nearby (...) I went into his car straight away and in there sat this person quietly in the front seat looking ahead without returning my gaze. "This is Virgilio Piñera", said Rodríguez Feo. He remained impassible, however (...) Suddenly Virgilio turned around and asked me: "Do you do anything with shit?".
Save the time, distance and status, this could be the same question I could ask el Yoyo and I am sure that his answer would be: 'Well, yes, I could write a novel'.
Because there should not be any doubt that el Yoyo has written a novel about shit. Please, do not confuse this with being a shitty writer. Two different things where the former is the analysis of a certain phenomenon, sometimes in a passive way, sometimes more actively. The latter is to aspire without qualifications. And there are qualifications aplenty in el Yoyo's writing.
And let's be clear, too, that the shit el Yoyo writes about is not the benign one that cleanses our intestines or serves as manure for soils. No, this shit is about the never-ending crisis, which in the words of the main character 'it was just one more within a long journey, so long it was that our life became an endless succession of crises and the crises became our lives'. For this is not mere stench that forewarns the appearance of shit. Rather, this shit works from inside out, gnawing at the insides until we are doped, peaceful and robotised with no intention to rebel or argue back.
'Havana Graffiti' leads us through three stages that are so close to each other that they could be taken as one, but luckily the novel is nuanced enough to explain the complex issues that surround the contemporary Cuban situation.
The book opens with the big crisis (and there's that word again!) of '94, when thousands if not hundreds of thousands of Cubans threw themselves into the open seas looking for a way out of the dire political and economic situation in their own country. The first image that came to me as I read through the description of this event was loads of rafts and homemade artifacts, moving in the high seas aimlessly running away from the scarcity of verbs, comparatives and superlatives that had kept them grounded in home soil.
In the middle of this brouhaha, Carmelo decides to stay and this decision is based on his inability to swim and his godfather's premonition that somethiing good will come his way, if he only can wait. Unfortunately his foresight cannot save his wife, who, pregnant with the couple's first child, perishes in the choppy waters of the Florida Straits, alongside the rest of her family. Although tinted with reality, these first pages still left me bruised and downtrodden. And this is yet another one of the author's achievements: to present his fiction as a documentary in a way that the reader feels they are witnessing a historical event and not just a made-up story. Throughout the novel I felt as if Carmelo was carrying a Digicam with him that enabled me to scrutinise his innermost thoughts, which I felt as mine, too. If this was a classical piece for orchestra, the strings section would have the main role at this point in the narration, thus, bringing the first stage of the novel to a close.
The introduction of the main character happens with no forewarning. I admit that I was getting used to the anonimity that el Yoyo had shrouded his leading characted in. That would have put him on a par with Ralph Ellison, an Afro-American author who used the same procedure in his masterpiece 'Invisible Man', thus rendering his leading man a universality upon which migrants the world have been able to reflect themselves. This universality is particularly useful in those cases of people, who forced by circumstances beyond their control, have to depart to alien cities where they can't speak the local lingo and face the double whammy of being seen as a burden and being victims of xenophobia and racism.Yet, el Yoyo eschews this universality and surprises the reader with a curveball when what was expected was a fastball. The umpire takes no time to call out strike. Thus, on page 30 we learn the main character's name: Carmelo. And with him, we also learn about his family. And it's worth stopping here for a moment since el Yoyo uses this typical Cuban family to illustrate the way their psyches operated in the 90s. In Carmelo's father we see the traditional 'true-believer', the dyed-in-the-wool revolutionary for whom nothing else is more important than to build the society dreamt up after 1959, house and family notwithstanding. The mother symbolises the fence-sitter. She loves her husband, but despairs for her son and the slow death he is dying. All around her the devaluation of the national currency results in the devaluation of the soul and she can't bear it, what's more, there's nothing she can do to save her offspring. Carmelo, on the other hand, represents what is new and fresh, an anti-Faustian young man who questions everything and gets no answers in return. There are echoes here of that masterpiece by the now deceased Cuban playwright, Alberto Pedro. In 'Manteca' (Lard), Alberto used three members of a Cuban family to depict a similar situation in early 90s Cuba. Jorge Cao, playing Celestino, was a hardcore revolutionary, who had just returned from the Soviet Union after spending some years there and was reluctant to any changes. His sister Dulce was candid, kind-hearted, but impartial. Pucho completed the trio displaying an intellectual prowess which was thirsty for answers and refused to conform to the miasma the society around was sinking in. El Yoyo keeps the tension running until the dénouement of the novel.
The second stage in the book introduces another character: a Dutch woman called Janet who works in Cuba. Through her relationship with her Carmelo enters a world where opulence and material wealth are on display everywhere, away from the prying eyes of his fellow countrymen and women who can barely survive. El Yoyo approaches the contradiction that arises within Carmelo, that of staying true to himself or joining the rest of the 'wolves pack', with sensitivity and accuracy. Janet and Carmelo's conversation attest to the futility of the construction of the 'socialist dream', a panacea that has resulted rather in a bureaucratic opportunism, epitomised by the myriad managers and foreign entrepeneurs Carmelo comes across. If there's a point this chapter proves is that in the equation that contemporary Cuban life stands for, mathematics is superfluous.
It is in Holland whilst staying with Janet that Carmelo finally awakens to the reality around him. The fact that he's being exploited sexually by the woman he chooses to spend his life with makes him run away to Spain. On the seat next to him his sits a corpse: it is his moral values.
I mentioned before the Afro-American writer Ralph Ellison and it's worth bringing him back to the fore. When Carmelo describes his vicissitudes that include living as an illegal immigrant in Spain, returning to Cuba to straighten out his papers and endure the penury that befalls those who want to leave the island for good, his description of what awaits him in Berlin goes beyond the street, the museum or the café that most tourists normally enjoy reminiscing upon. His description of his situation in the German capital satistifies a philosophical need to explain the unexplainable. Let's read first what the main character of 'The Invisible Man' tells us on the first page of the novel:
'I am an invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fibre and liquids - and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Like the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus side-shows, it is as though I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or figments of their imagination - indeed, everything and anything except me.'
And let's read now Carmelo's thoughts as he wanders around the streets of Berlin:
'I soon got used to walking around without asking for permission or seeking approval. I was careful not to disturb anyone with my presence and that's why I mistakenly accepted this silence as freedom. Us, Johnny-come-latelys, usually distort this concept; my supposed liberty was nothing but a mirage. It wasn't that they did not respect me, it was rather that they did not see me. I had become transparent, a person to ignore. I was turned into a ghost, an ethereal being drifting aimlessly around the city sharing only the same air with the rest of the citizens of this city.'
'The Invisible Man' es a book first published in 1952. 'Havana Graffiti' first saw the light in 2007. The former is a novel written by an Afro-American author. The latter was written by a Cuban man. The former depicts a society where the achievements of the civil war were undermined by the failure to grant basic human rights to a particular ethnic group. The latter is a description of a man's second-class-citizen status both in his homeland and abroad.
There are fatal consequences that result from Carmelo's invisibility and these arise from his mental and spiritual impotence. He lashes out against this society that won't allow him to prove his worth. That's his vendetta. Thus, he sheds what is left of his lamb's wool, baring the woolf's armour underneath. Yet, at this precise moment, el Yoyo, with an accurate dexterity normally found in a chef d'orchestre, silences the rest of the musical ensemble and allows the solo violinist to take centre stage, grab our hand and guide us with his instrument through Carmelo's quasi human recovery. After his internet massacre, in which he takes advantage of those poor souls searching for cheap thrills, he is moved by the tears of a young woman he sees apparently arguing with his boyfriend in a park. The result makes him 'go to my computer before putting the shopping away and wiping out all my victims' addresses and thus terminating my vengeance'.
With Carmelo's return to Cuba the third stage in the novel gets underway. His German passport acts as a shield with which to defend himself against the racial prejudices he faces daily when he goes into hotels or places for tourists.
El Yoyo does not shy away from describing Carmelo's sexual encounters, especially during his time in Holland and Spain. The reader might or might not be put off by this and this carnal element could well re-inforce existing prejudices about Cubans. To me Carmelo's foray into the lower echelons of the sexual world in Europe makes him an object of exploitation, satisfaction notwithstanding. This is a situation that repeats itself frequently both in North America and Europe nowadays and which is normally more debated in relation to women than men. However, in the UK, this issue has been discussed recently in television programmes, articles in the media and plays. The Rastas' case in Jamaica is a good example and Gambia has a hig percentage of male prostitutes.
In a separate e-mail el Yoyo asked me kindly to review his novel, even if I did not like and thought it crap. I replied to him in private and it's up to him whether he wants to make that letter public or not. I don't think that there should be any doubt left as to whether I liked the novel or not. Yet, there are two reasons why I refuse to comment negatively about 'Havana Graffiti'.
The first one is straightforward. I am not a critic. To quote el Yoyo, 'I am a normal Cuban, the one amongst you, the one you see every day, the one sitting next you in the bar, the illegal one with "no papers"; the one carrying the cross of watching his land die from a distance'.
The second reason is that books like 'Havana Graffiti' with its quasi-biographical subject matter are necessary to understand the intricacies of the situation in Cuba. 'Havana Graffiti' is not a dissident book, or a book for dissidents, or a book written by a dissident, though I don't know the author personally. It is a novel that points at a reality that, although surreal, is still reality. And what hurts more is that we can't stop living it, no matter how far we live.
There's a comment that I have left for the end because it has to do with a character in the book that although conspicuous does not attract the same attention as the others: the sea. The novel begins in a beach in Havana and winds up in Cadiz, another city by the sea. The sea robs Carmelo of his wife and brings him Janet. The sea welcomes him to Spain and signs off the book. To quote Alejo Carpentier in 'The Rite of Spring': 'La mer, la mer/ toujours recommencée'. This natural element is our Yemayá and it is a fundamental component in a novel that deals with isolation, alienation and disappointment.
That is why, Yoyo, I thank you for letting me read your novel about shit because the excrement that surrounds Carmelo must be explained until hopefully in the near future it can be annihilated.
Copyright 2008
Havana Graffiti (Sinfonía para Orquesta de Cámara, Trompeta China y Tumbadora)

Quizás ya no hay nadie que lo pueda aconsejar,
quizás tiene hambre como todos los demás,
quizás tiene hambre como todos los demás,
jamás tuvo nada y en su noble corazón
corre Dólar, corren sueños
corrompidos por la corrupción...
Los Lobos se Reúnen
Gerardo Alfonso
Cuenta el dramaturgo cubano Antón Arrufat en el libro "Virgilio Piñera en Persona" del autor Carlos Espinosa que el día que conoció al afamado escritor, poeta, ensayista y dramaturgo matancero "Yo salía de una exposición de Wilfredo Lam en la Universidad de la Habana (...) Queda en pie que yo descendía la escalinata de la Universidad, la pupila encandilada por la pintura de Lam. Parqueado al lado de la acera se hallaba el convertible de Rodriguez Feo (...) Entré mecánicamente en el auto y Rodríguez Feo me indicó a una persona que lo acompañaba, que siguió mirando al frente y no se movió para mirarme. 'Este es Virgilio Piñera'. Pero el aludido permaneció impasible (...) En eso Virgilio se volvió, y escuché su voz preguntarme: 'Usted hace cosas con la mierda?'
Salvando tiempo, distancia y status es la misma pregunta que yo le podria hacer al Yoyo. Y la respuesta estoy seguro que seria: "Pues, si, escribo una novela".
Porque lo que esta claro para mi es que el Yoyo ha escrito una novela sobre la mierda. Y que no se confunda esto con ser un escritor de mierda. Son dos cosas diferentes. Lo primero corresponde a la observacion, a veces pasiva y a veces activa de un determinado fenómeno. Lo segundo es la aspiración sin la calificación. Y al Yoyo le sobran calificaciones.
La mierda de la que escribe el Yoyo no es la benévola que arrastra nuestros desechos intestinales, o la que fertiliza el suelo campestre en forma de abono. No. La mierda a la que se refiere este autor cubano es la otra, la de la crisis constante, que como dice el personaje principal de "Havana Graffiti" "era una más dentro de un viaje muy largo, tan largo que la vida se convirtió en una sucesión infinita de crisis y la crisis se nos había hecho vida". Esta mierda no avisa su entrada con la hediondez a la que estamos acostumbrados. Una vez que se apodera de uno, se le va metiendo adentro hasta que lo pacifica, lo endroga y lo vuelve en un robot doméstico listo para recibir órdenes sin rebelarse.
"Havana Graffiti" nos nos conduce a través de tres etapas, que de ser tan cercanas pudieran parecer como una misma. Sin embargo los matices que introduce el Yoyo en la obra se encargan de ilustrar la complejidad de la situación cubana y de diferenciar los tres niveles en los cuales opera la novela.
El libro abre con la gran crisis (esa palabrita de nuevo!) del '94 cuando miles, sino cientos de miles de cubanos se lanzaron al mar buscando una salida a la situación económica y política que los ahogaban en Cuba. La descripción de este fenómeno me produjo una visión de balsas y artefactos construidos con apuro moviéndose en alta mar con una rima asonante, porque ya se habían acabado los verbos, comparativos y superlativos con los cuales convencer a estos cristianos. En medio de todo este barullo, Carmelo decide quedarse. Presionado por el hecho de que no sabe nadar y por lo que le ha dicho su padrino, quien actúa como su oráculo, sobre su futuro y los buenos augurios que este le traerá, él opta por permanecer en el mismo pantano que ahoga todo y a todos. Su larga visión lo salva, pues su esposa, embarazada con su primer hijo, perece en alta mar junto con el resto de la tripulación. Estas primeras páginas, no por ser tan reales, dejan de ser dolorosas y la narración y descripción de estos hechos tienen que ver más con un documental literario que con un trabajo de ficción. De hecho, a través de la novela sentí que Carmelo llevaba una cámara de video en el hombro por la cual nos permitía escudriñar de cerca sus alegrías y pesares, que en varios momentos sentí como mis propios infortunios y placeres. En una composición musical para orquesta, este movimiento sería grave con mas peso para la sección de cuerdas. Se cierra así la primera etapa de la novela.
La presentación del personaje central ocurre de una forma imprevista, ya que confieso que en algun momento pensé que el Yoyo dejaría a su narrador anónimo como lo hizo Ralp Ellison en su obra maestra "El Hombre Invisible", vistiéndolo así de una universalidad en la cual se pudieran reflejar los emigrantes que empujados muchas veces por circunstancias ajenas a su voluntad terminan en ciudades donde no pueden hablar la lengua natal, se les tratan como pestes y el racismo y la zenofobia se convierten en su realidad diaria. Pero no, el Yoyo, le lanza al lector una curva cuando lo que se le esperaba era una recta supersónica de 90 millas por hora. Y el umpire no se hace de rogar y canta el strike. Es asi como en la página 30 nos enteramos del nombre del personaje principal: Carmelo. Y con él, su familia. Y detengámonos por un momento en la familia de Carmelo ya que el Yoyo, a través de estos tres simples personajes, penetra en la psiquis del núcleo familiar cubano en los 90 de una forma orgánica. En el padre de Carmelo vemos al "comecandela" tradicional, el revolucionario intransigente para el cual no hay otra labor más importante que la de ayudar a construir la sociedad que se trató de erigir despues del '59. A un lado quedan familia y casa, la Revolución lo necesita a él, no hay nada más. No puede haber nada más. La madre simboliza la persona en el medio, ama a su esposo, pero también a su hijo, le duele que a éste se le esté yendo la juventud en un país donde con la devaluación de la moneda nacional, llega la devaluación del alma y lo peor es que no sabe como socorrer a su cría. Carmelo representa lo nuevo, lo fresco, no porque tenga razón en todo lo que dice, sino porque como el anti-Fausto que es, su objetivo principal es cuestionar y razonar basado en los argumentos que se debaten. Hay ecos en este conflicto de la obra cumbre del dramaturgo cubano Alberto Pedro, tristemente fallecido hace algunos años, quien a principios de la década del 90 precisamente llevó a escena un dilema similar en su obra "Manteca" en la cual el actor cubano Jorge Cao encarnaba el papel de Celestino, un veterano de la Revolución, educado en la antigua Unión Soviética y renuente al cambio. Lo seguía su hermana Dulce, cándida, buena, inocente pero imparcial. El trío lo completaba Pucho, el cual con su intelectualismo cuestionaba la sociedad que lo rodeaba y renunciaba a hundirse en las mismas miasmas en la que se clavaban todos. El Yoyo, por su parte, mantiene esta tensión familiar hasta el mismo final de la novela.
Esta segunda etapa es tan amplia como la tercera y nos presenta a otro personaje, Janet, holandesa de origen pero que tiene intereses profesionales en Cuba. A través de ella, Carmelo se adentra en un mundo que le está prohibido a la mayoría de sus compatriotas, el de la opulencia y abundancia material, apoyados, claro está, por una corrupción estatal que lo cubre todo. La contradicción entre la inocencia de este cubano que sabe que es diferente de los demás "lobos" de esta camada y su deseo de progresar aunque en ello le vayan algunos de sus principios es uno de los puntos que el Yoyo toca con más sensibilidad y agudeza. Los diálogos entre Janet y Carmelo son un testimonio que bajo la tela social cubana nunca hubo ni habrá esa sociedad colectiva socialista que se trató de forjar y que costó tantas vidas, mas bien, hay un oportunismo, el cual lo epitomizan bastantes gerentes y empresarios, tanto cubanos como extranjeros, con los que se topa Carmelo. Este es un capítulo en el cual se prueba que en la ecuación de la vida cubana contemporánea, la matemática no tiene cabida.
Es su estancia en Holanda lo que despierta a Carmelo del todo cuando sabe que su pareja se está aprovechando de él por medio del sexo. Es un momento de singular importancia, ya que en el tren que lo lleva de Holanda a España no solamente viaja un hombre desilusionado con una mujer, sino también a su lado viaja el cadáver de su moral.
Mencioné antes al escritor afro-estadounidense Ralph Ellison y vale la pena traerlo de nuevo a colación porque la descripción que nos da Carmelo cuando llega a Alemania después de haber pasado vicisitudes en España como emigrante ilegal, después de regresar a Cuba para poner en regla sus papeles y pasar por todos los problemas que pasan aquellos que se atrevan a abandonar ese verde caimán, esa descripción va más allá del simple detalle de una calle, un museo o una cafetería en Berlín, elementos que en los que siempre reparamos cuando viajamos a otro país, a otra ciudad. No, su descripción obedece a una necesidad filosófica de tratar de comprender eso que se nos escapa de las manos. Leamos primero lo que dice el personaje central de "El Hombre Invisible" en la primera página de la novela:
"Soy un hombre invisible. No, no soy un fantasma como los de Edgar Allan Poe, ni tampoco un ectoplasma a lo Hollwyood. Soy un hombre de sustancia, de carne y hueso con fibras y líquidos en el cuerpo, incluso diría que poseo una mente. Soy invisible porque la gente se niega a verme. Como las cabezas sin cuerpos que se ven en los espectáculos circenses a veces, me parece que estoy rodeado de espejos con un cristal duro que me devuelven una imagen que no es la mía. Es solo mi silueta lo que ve la gente cuando se acerca, o a ellos mismos, o fragmentos de su imaginacion, cualquier cosa, menos a mi."
Y ahora leamos los pensamientos de Carmelo mientras vaga por la calles de Berlín:
"Pronto me acostumbré a transitar sin pedir permiso o buscar aprobación, sin perturbar con mi presencia y por eso no dar explicaciones llegué a confundir este silencio con el hallazgo de la libertad que me había lanzado fuera de mi tierra. Los recién llegados solemos confundir este concepto; la libertad era sólo un espejismo. No es que me respetaran, es que ellos no me veían, me había vuelto transparente, la gente simplemente me ignoraba. Me convirtieron en un fantasma, en un algo etéreo que se movía por la ciudad compartiendo con sus habitantes exclusivamente el aire que respiraba".
"El Hombre Invisible" es un libro que fue publicado por primera vez en 1952. "Havana Graffiti" vió la luz en el 2007. Uno es una novela escrita por un autor afro-estadounidense. El otro por un cubano. En uno se retrata una sociedad que a pesar de haber conseguido hacer las paces consigo misma despues de una terrible contienda civil, le niega el derecho de ser humano a un grupo étnico. En el otro el retrato es el de un hombre que es un ciudadano de segunda clase tanto en su país de origen como en la nación a donde emigra.
Hay consecuencias fatales que salen de la invisibilidad de Carmelo. Con una impotencia espiritual y mental que lo ciega arremete con todas sus fuerzas contra esta sociedad que no lo deja probar su valía. Es su venganza. Y en el proceso muda lo poco que le queda de piel de cordero que todavía tenía hasta ahora por una armadura de lobo que lo protege contra todo el que él piensa que viene a hacerle daño. Sin embargo, es en este momento cuando el Yoyo, con precisión maestra de conductor de orquesta silencia al resto de la banda y deja al violinista solista, el cual, parado en medio del escenario nos toma de la mano y nos guia con su melodía por el mismo camino por el cual Carmelo recobra parte de su humanidad (es imposible recuperarla toda) en la pagina 288. Después de su masacre en internet donde se aprovecha de cuanto inocente pone anuncios buscando desahogos sexuales, este cubano se impresiona con las lágrimas de una chica que aparentemente ha estado discutiendo con su novio y el resultado de esta escena hace que "al llegar a casa y antes de organizar la compra, me fui al ordenador, borré todas las direcciones de mis víctimas y di por terminada mi venganza".
Es a partir de esta parte donde comienza la tercera etapa de la novela y donde Carmelo, con una familia hecha ya en Berlín, viaja a Cuba de nuevo, pero esta vez como residente en la nación teutónica. La realidad que lo espera no es mas que un engaño más, donde el color negro de su piel despierta una reacción negativa que luego desaparecerá cuando el consabido pasaporte alemán aparece.
El Yoyo aborda con gusto los encuentros sexuales de Carmelo, un elemento que puede o no predisponer al lector y puede o no darle más sustento a los tantos estereotipos de los que sufrimos los que nacimos en Cuba. Para mi fue un caso más de explotación sexual, un hecho que ocurre con frecuencia tanto en Europa como en Norteamerica y al cual se le da mas énfasis en el caso de las féminas que en el caso de los caballeros. Sin embargo, en Gran Bretaña han habido programas de televisión, artículos en la prensa y obra de teatro que se enfocan en este tipo de industria sexual y en la que participan mujeres y hombres. El caso de los 'Rastafarians' en Jamaica es archiconocido y Gambia tiene un alto porciento de "jineteros".
En un correo separado el Yoyo me pide que dé una opinion sincera de su novela, incluso si hubiera pensado que no servía. Mi respuesta se la hice saber privadamente y queda con el si quiere hacerla pública o no. La sinceridad de mis argumentos sobre la novela me parece que serán suficientes para eliminar cualquier duda que pueda haber sobre si me gustó el libro o no. Sin embargo, hay dos razones por las cuales me niego a dar comentarios negativos sobre "Havana Graffiti".
La primera es muy simple. No soy crítico. Para citar al Yoyo de nuevo, "soy un cubano normal, uno que está entre ustedes, al que ves cada día, el de la mesa contigua en el bar, el que trabajó sin papeles; el que lleva la cruz de ver morir su tierra desde lejos".
La segunda es que libros como "Havana Graffiti" con su carácter quasi-autobiográfico son necesarios para poder comprender la complejidad de la situación cubana. "Havana Graffit" no es ni mucho menos un libro gusano, ni para gusanos, ni escrito por un gusano, aunque no conozca al autor. Es una novela que apunta a una realidad que no por ser surrealista deja de ser realidad. Y lo más pesaroso es que no podemos dejar de sentirla y de vivirla, no importa cuán lejos vivamos.
Hay un comentario que dejé para el final porque tiene que ver con un personaje de la novela que es tan obvio, y sin embargo se le puede perder al lector por su presencia discreta durante todo el libro. Es el mar. La obra empieza en una playa habanera y termina en el puerto de Cádiz, la capital de la provincia del mismo nombre y que forma parte de Andalucía. Es el mar quien le roba a Carmelo su esposa, el que destruye sus pocas posesiones durante las abundantes lluvias del '96, el que le trae a Janet, el que lo recibe en España, el que marca con puño y letra el final de la novela. Al decir de Alejo Carpentier en su libro "La Consagración de la Primavera": 'La mer, la mer/ toujours recommencée', este elemento natural, agua que puede ser mansa o revuelta, imagen fiel de una de nuestras más adoradas orishas, Yemayá, es un componente fundamental en una obra en la cual temas como aislamiento, enajenación y decepción se abordan con pasión y conocimiento.
Es por eso Yoyo que te agradezco de todo corazón que me hayas brindado la oportunidad de leer tu novela sobre la mierda porque incluso la podredumbre que rodea a Carmelo merece ser explicada y quien sabe, en un futuro no muy lejano, aniquilada.
Copyright 2008
Friday, 16 November 2007
Happy Birthday my Grand Dame (Allegro Moderato)
Excuse me, please, hey, you, the 488-year-old lady sitting at the front, please! Yes, you! Would you be so kind so as to come on stage, please? There, let me give you a hand, I know, I know, it's the years, isn't it? Please, this way, yes, centre stage, that's it. Now, let me shine a light on you. Yes, a light, you heard me right. You deserve that light, you deserve to be centre stage. You deserve so much more.
You see, you and I have travelled together. But me being the much younger sibling, I've learnt more than I thought by being together with you, you and I, entwined at the hip for 26 years. And now I would like you to relate to me, to us, to this audience, your experience in this almost 500-year jaunt.

I would like you to narrate to us how you felt about the move from Cuba's southwest coast up to the west of your now renowned bay, the one our Mother Goddess, Yemaya, bathes in all its glory. Was it the mosquitoes that did not let you sleep? Or was it the swamps? I would like to know who planted the first ceiba tree around which it became a tradition to walk three times on your birthday's eve.
And you don't mind me writing to you in English, do you? After all this language is not alien to you. You withstood the siege by the British in 1762 fiercely and heroically, only to be betrayed by the Spaniards at the eleventh hour. We even got a song out of the conflict dedicated to the Guanabacoa Mayor, Don José Antonio Gómez, otherwise known as Pepe Antonio, the only one who challenged the European invaders with poorly armed troops and no military support from the incumbent Spanish government. Under the rule of the Brits you prospered economically, albeit on the back of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of Africans brought to our country under the most appalling and inhumane conditions ever. And yet, where would we be without their influence? Where would we be without their rhythms, dances and languages? As our National Poet, Nicolás Guillén said:
Yoruba soy,
lloro en yoruba lucumí.
Como soy un yoruba de Cuba,
quiero que hasta Cuba suba mi llanto yoruba;
que suba el alegre llanto yoruba
que sale de mí.
Yoruba soy,
cantando voy,
llorando estoy,
y cuando no soy yoruba,
soy congo, mandinga, carabalí.
Atiendan amigos, mi son, que empieza así:
Adivinanza de la esperanza:
lo mío es tuyo
lo tuyo es mío;
toda la sangre
formando un río.
La ceiba ceiba con su penacho;
el padre padre con su muchacho;
la jicotea en su carapacho.
¡Que rompa el son caliente,
y que lo baile la gente,
pecho con pecho,
vaso con vaso,
y agua con agua con aguardiente!
Yoruba soy, soy lucumí,
mandinga, congo, carabalí.
Atiendan, amigos, mi son, que sigue así:
Estamos juntos desde muy lejos,
jóvenes, viejos,negros y blancos,
todo mezclado;
uno mandando y otro mandado,
todo mezclado;
San Berenito y otro mandado,
todo mezclado;
negros y blancos desde muy lejos,
todo mezclado;
Santa María y uno mandado,
todo mezclado;
todo mezclado, Santa María,
San Berenito, todo mezclado,
todo mezclado, San Berenito,
San Berenito, Santa María,
Santa María, San Berenito
todo mezclado!
Yoruba soy, soy lucumí,
mandinga, congo, carabalí.
Atiendan, amigos, mi son, que acaba así:
Salga el mulato,
suelte el zapato,
díganle al blanco que no se va:
de aquí no hay nadie que se separe;
mire y no pare,
oiga y no pare,
beba y no pare,
viva y no pare,
que el son de todos no va a parar!

In recent years I've heard people, who've visited you, complain about the noise, the dust and the collapsing buildings. Sometimes, though, and call me a hopelessly romantic fool, we need the scratching sound of an old record to appreciate its value. Your imperfections make you human. You remind me of that line in Dulce María Loynaz' poem 'Ultimos Días de una Casa' where the author states:
La Casa, soy la Casa,
más que piedra y vallado,
más que sombra y que tierra,
más que techo y muro,
porque todo eso soy, y soy con alma.
You, my dear old Havana, are like that. I cannot articulate your cracks, potholes and fissures. They have a language of their own. It's the language of unshaven quality. It's what makes the migrant long for your touch, it's what makes the current denizen create anthems that will be sung by future generations across the world whereever your progeny has been dispersed to.
Because, my beautiful dame, you have witnessed the exodus of some of your more doting sons and daughters. Never has a song sounded more truthfully than when it claims that 'if my eyes ever deserted you/if life banished me to another place on this Earth/I swear to you that I'll die of love and angst wanting to walk your streets, your parks and places.'
Personally, you gave me so much. You gave me a sense of safety and comfort when I was still a teeny weenie child roaming your streets, playing baseball or hide and seek, or 'it', or knocking on doors and running away. You gave me 'Playita 16', the most imperfect and dysfunctional beach there can ever be, and yet, so inviting. You gave me parties in faraway places to which I went behind my mother's back. Luyanó, Santiago de las Vegas, Santos Suárez, Santa Amalia, Siboney, names that are forever enmeshed with my own flesh. One day I will have the same creases and crumples on my face as you have now. Let's hope I can bear them the same way you do yours.
You went from being the 'Key to the Gulf' to being 'one of the dirtiest cities in the Americas'. Why? We're the only ones to blame. We could not look after you. We let you down. We're like the teenagers who leave home only to return after a few years and litter it carelessly. You have not been protected.
But still, you persevere. I walked down your streets earlier this year, now with my wife and kids. And you welcomed them, too. We saw some of the blemishes, though. Those 'Night Flowers', sung to by our very own Silvio Rodríguez, still populate your famous roads, Fifth Avenue, 23rd Street, Malecón.
Ah, Malecón! Has there ever been a wall so loved? Emperor Hadrian would be jealous. The Chinese don't know what to do with theirs and the Germans got rid of their own partition. And you're still there, my little old friend, where so many revellers wind up, where dreams are splashed by sea water mixed with the oil from the ships entering the bay. So many songs we sang on your cold surface, so many nights on which we sat by your littoral and warmed your stones, so many early mornings that found us hoarse and voiceless, but satisfied and optimistic.
Happy Birthday my Grand Dame! I hope someday to walk three times around your big ceiba tree again, maybe this time with my wife and our very own offspring. I hope to be part of your Latin American Film Festival again, wander up and down 23rd Avenue, going from the Yara cinema to the Chaplin, and from there to the Riviera, before ending up at La Rampa, in the knowledge that my intellect has been challenged and that you contributed to its enrichment.
Above all, I hope that you're still there, confident, beautiful and welcoming.
From your doting Habanero Son.
Copyright 2007
You see, you and I have travelled together. But me being the much younger sibling, I've learnt more than I thought by being together with you, you and I, entwined at the hip for 26 years. And now I would like you to relate to me, to us, to this audience, your experience in this almost 500-year jaunt.

I would like you to narrate to us how you felt about the move from Cuba's southwest coast up to the west of your now renowned bay, the one our Mother Goddess, Yemaya, bathes in all its glory. Was it the mosquitoes that did not let you sleep? Or was it the swamps? I would like to know who planted the first ceiba tree around which it became a tradition to walk three times on your birthday's eve.
And you don't mind me writing to you in English, do you? After all this language is not alien to you. You withstood the siege by the British in 1762 fiercely and heroically, only to be betrayed by the Spaniards at the eleventh hour. We even got a song out of the conflict dedicated to the Guanabacoa Mayor, Don José Antonio Gómez, otherwise known as Pepe Antonio, the only one who challenged the European invaders with poorly armed troops and no military support from the incumbent Spanish government. Under the rule of the Brits you prospered economically, albeit on the back of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of Africans brought to our country under the most appalling and inhumane conditions ever. And yet, where would we be without their influence? Where would we be without their rhythms, dances and languages? As our National Poet, Nicolás Guillén said:
Yoruba soy,
lloro en yoruba lucumí.
Como soy un yoruba de Cuba,
quiero que hasta Cuba suba mi llanto yoruba;
que suba el alegre llanto yoruba
que sale de mí.
Yoruba soy,
cantando voy,
llorando estoy,
y cuando no soy yoruba,
soy congo, mandinga, carabalí.
Atiendan amigos, mi son, que empieza así:
Adivinanza de la esperanza:
lo mío es tuyo
lo tuyo es mío;
toda la sangre
formando un río.
La ceiba ceiba con su penacho;
el padre padre con su muchacho;
la jicotea en su carapacho.
¡Que rompa el son caliente,
y que lo baile la gente,
pecho con pecho,
vaso con vaso,
y agua con agua con aguardiente!
Yoruba soy, soy lucumí,
mandinga, congo, carabalí.
Atiendan, amigos, mi son, que sigue así:
Estamos juntos desde muy lejos,
jóvenes, viejos,negros y blancos,
todo mezclado;
uno mandando y otro mandado,
todo mezclado;
San Berenito y otro mandado,
todo mezclado;
negros y blancos desde muy lejos,
todo mezclado;
Santa María y uno mandado,
todo mezclado;
todo mezclado, Santa María,
San Berenito, todo mezclado,
todo mezclado, San Berenito,
San Berenito, Santa María,
Santa María, San Berenito
todo mezclado!
Yoruba soy, soy lucumí,
mandinga, congo, carabalí.
Atiendan, amigos, mi son, que acaba así:
Salga el mulato,
suelte el zapato,
díganle al blanco que no se va:
de aquí no hay nadie que se separe;
mire y no pare,
oiga y no pare,
beba y no pare,
viva y no pare,
que el son de todos no va a parar!

In recent years I've heard people, who've visited you, complain about the noise, the dust and the collapsing buildings. Sometimes, though, and call me a hopelessly romantic fool, we need the scratching sound of an old record to appreciate its value. Your imperfections make you human. You remind me of that line in Dulce María Loynaz' poem 'Ultimos Días de una Casa' where the author states:
La Casa, soy la Casa,
más que piedra y vallado,
más que sombra y que tierra,
más que techo y muro,
porque todo eso soy, y soy con alma.
You, my dear old Havana, are like that. I cannot articulate your cracks, potholes and fissures. They have a language of their own. It's the language of unshaven quality. It's what makes the migrant long for your touch, it's what makes the current denizen create anthems that will be sung by future generations across the world whereever your progeny has been dispersed to.
Because, my beautiful dame, you have witnessed the exodus of some of your more doting sons and daughters. Never has a song sounded more truthfully than when it claims that 'if my eyes ever deserted you/if life banished me to another place on this Earth/I swear to you that I'll die of love and angst wanting to walk your streets, your parks and places.'
Personally, you gave me so much. You gave me a sense of safety and comfort when I was still a teeny weenie child roaming your streets, playing baseball or hide and seek, or 'it', or knocking on doors and running away. You gave me 'Playita 16', the most imperfect and dysfunctional beach there can ever be, and yet, so inviting. You gave me parties in faraway places to which I went behind my mother's back. Luyanó, Santiago de las Vegas, Santos Suárez, Santa Amalia, Siboney, names that are forever enmeshed with my own flesh. One day I will have the same creases and crumples on my face as you have now. Let's hope I can bear them the same way you do yours.
You went from being the 'Key to the Gulf' to being 'one of the dirtiest cities in the Americas'. Why? We're the only ones to blame. We could not look after you. We let you down. We're like the teenagers who leave home only to return after a few years and litter it carelessly. You have not been protected.
But still, you persevere. I walked down your streets earlier this year, now with my wife and kids. And you welcomed them, too. We saw some of the blemishes, though. Those 'Night Flowers', sung to by our very own Silvio Rodríguez, still populate your famous roads, Fifth Avenue, 23rd Street, Malecón.
Ah, Malecón! Has there ever been a wall so loved? Emperor Hadrian would be jealous. The Chinese don't know what to do with theirs and the Germans got rid of their own partition. And you're still there, my little old friend, where so many revellers wind up, where dreams are splashed by sea water mixed with the oil from the ships entering the bay. So many songs we sang on your cold surface, so many nights on which we sat by your littoral and warmed your stones, so many early mornings that found us hoarse and voiceless, but satisfied and optimistic.
Happy Birthday my Grand Dame! I hope someday to walk three times around your big ceiba tree again, maybe this time with my wife and our very own offspring. I hope to be part of your Latin American Film Festival again, wander up and down 23rd Avenue, going from the Yara cinema to the Chaplin, and from there to the Riviera, before ending up at La Rampa, in the knowledge that my intellect has been challenged and that you contributed to its enrichment.
Above all, I hope that you're still there, confident, beautiful and welcoming.
From your doting Habanero Son.
Copyright 2007
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